Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 279
Filtrar
3.
Mayo Clin Proc ; 96(4): 912-920, 2021 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33714601

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases during the reopening period in older adults, given that little is known about the prevalence of COVID-19 after the stay-at-home order was lifted in the United States, nor the actual effects of adherence to recommended public health measures (RPHM) on the risk of COVID-19. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study nested in a parent prospective cohort study, which followed a population-based sample of 2325 adults 50 years and older residing in southeast Minnesota to assess the incidence of viral infections. Participants were instructed to self-collect both nasal and oropharyngeal swabs, which were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) assay between May 8, 2020, and June, 30, 2020. We assessed the prevalence of COVID-19 cases and characteristics of study subjects. RESULTS: A total of 1505 eligible subjects participated in the study whose mean age was 68 years, with 885 (59%) women, 32 (2%) racial/ethnic minorities, and 906 (60%) with high-risk conditions for influenza. The prevalence of other Coronaviridae (human coronavirus [HCoV]-229E, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43) during the 2019 to 2020 flu season was 109 (7%), and none tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Almost all participants reported adhering to the RPHM (1,488 [99%] for social distancing, 1,438 [96%] for wearing mask in a public space, 1,476 [98%] for hand hygiene, and 1,441 (96%) for staying home mostly). Eighty-six percent of participants resided in a single-family home. CONCLUSION: We did not identify SARS-COV-2 infection in our study cohort. The combination of participants' behavior in following the RPHM and their living environment may considerably mitigate the risk of COVID-19.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/estatística & dados numéricos , Distanciamento Físico , Saúde Pública , Idoso , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/psicologia , Teste para COVID-19/métodos , Teste para COVID-19/estatística & dados numéricos , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/organização & administração , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Minnesota/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Saúde Pública/métodos , Saúde Pública/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Precauções Universais/métodos , Precauções Universais/estatística & dados numéricos , Virologia/métodos
4.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 33(1): 59-61, feb. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202136

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTO: El personal sanitario que trata a pacientes con infecciones como el coronavirus (COVID-19) corre el riesgo de infectarse. Este utiliza equipos de protección individual (EPI) para protegerse de las gotas de la tos, los estornudos u otros fluidos corporales de los pacientes infectados y de las superficies contaminadas que puedan infectarlos. El EPI puede incluir delantales, batas o monos (un traje de una sola pieza), guantes, máscaras y equipo de respiración (respiradores) y gafas protectoras. El EPI debe ser puesto correctamente; puede ser incómodo de usar, y los trabajadores de la salud pueden contaminarse cuando se lo quitan. Algunos se han adaptado, por ejemplo, añadiendo pestañas para facilitar su retirada. Las organizaciones como los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de Estados Unidos ofrecen orientación sobre el procedimiento correcto para ponerse y quitarse el EPI. Esta es la actualización de 2020 de una revisión publicada por primera vez en 2016 y actualizada previamente en 2019. ¿QUÉ SE QUERÍA DESCUBRIR?: Se quería saber qué tipo de EPI o combinación de EPI confiere a los trabajadores de la salud la mejor protección; si la modificación del EPI para facilitar su retirada es efectiva; si seguir la guía para retirar el EPI reduce la contaminación; y si el entrenamiento reduce la contaminación. ¿QUÉ SE ENCONTRÓ?: Se encontraron 24 estudios relevantes con 2.278 participantes que evaluaron los tipos de EPI, EPI modificado, procedimientos para poner y quitar el EPI y tipos de entrenamiento. Dieciocho de los estudios no evaluaron a los trabajadores sanitarios que trataban a pacientes infectados, sino que simularon el efecto de la exposición a la infección mediante el uso de marcadores fluorescentes o virus o bacterias inofensivos. La mayoría de los estudios fueron pequeños, y solo 1 o 2 estudios abordaron cada una de las preguntas. TIPOS DE EPI: Cubrir más el cuerpo lleva a una mejor protección. Sin embargo, como esto suele estar asociado con una mayor dificultad para ponerse y quitarse el EPI y una menor comodidad, puede conducir a una mayor contaminación. Los monos son los EPI más difíciles de quitar, pero pueden ofrecer la mejor protección, seguida de los vestidos largos, batas y delantales. Los respiradores que se usan con los monos pueden proteger mejor que una máscara que se usa con una bata, pero son más difíciles de poner. Los tipos de EPI más transpirables pueden conducir a niveles similares de contaminación, pero son más cómodos. La contaminación fue común en la mitad de los estudios a pesar de la mejora del EPI. EPI MODIFICADO: Las batas que tienen guantes adheridos al puño, de manera que los guantes y la bata se quitan juntos y cubren la zona de la muñeca, y las batas que se modifican para que se ajusten bien al cuello pueden reducir la contaminación. Además, añadir lengüetas a los guantes y mascarillas también puede conducir a una menor contaminación. Sin embargo, un estudio no encontró menos errores al ponerse o quitarse las batas modificadas. ORIENTACIÓN SOBRE EL USO DEL EPI: Seguir la guía de los CDC para la eliminación del delantal o la bata, o cualquier instrucción para eliminar el EPI en comparación con las propias preferencias de un individuo, pueden reducir la autocontaminación. Quitarse la bata y los guantes en un solo paso, usar 2 pares de guantes y limpiar los guantes con lejía o desinfectante (pero no con alcohol) también puede reducir la contaminación. ENTRENAMIENTO DE LOS USUARIOS: El entrenamiento en persona, la simulación por computadora y el entrenamiento por video condujeron a menos errores en la extracción del EPI, tanto un entrenamiento entregado como material escrito solamente o una conferencia tradicional. CERTEZA DE LA EVIDENCIA: La certeza (confianza) en las evidencias es limitada porque los estudios simularon la infección (es decir, no fue real), y tuvieron un número de participantes pequeño. ¿QUÉ FALTA DESCUBRIR?: No hubo estudios que investigaran las gafas o las pantallas faciales. No queda claro cuál es la mejor manera de quitarse los EPI después de su uso y el mejor tipo de entrenamiento a largo plazo. Los hospitales deben organizar más estudios, y los investigadores deben ponerse de acuerdo sobre la mejor manera de simular la exposición a un virus. En el futuro, los estudios de simulación deben tener al menos 60 participantes cada uno, y utilizar la exposición a un virus inofensivo para evaluar qué tipo y combinación de EPI protege más. Sería útil que los hospitales pudieran registrar el tipo de EPI utilizado por sus trabajadores para proporcionar información urgente de la vida real. FECHA DE LA BÚSQUEDA: Esta revisión incluye pruebas publicadas hasta el 20 de marzo de 2020


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Equipamento de Proteção Individual/provisão & distribuição , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Líquidos Corporais/microbiologia , Secreções Corporais/microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Precauções Universais/métodos , Capacitação Profissional
6.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 27(2): 404-410, 2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33395382

RESUMO

Switzerland began a national lockdown on March 16, 2020, in response to the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We assessed the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients admitted to 4 hospitals in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, in April 2020. These 4 acute care hospitals screened 2,807 patients, including 2,278 (81.2%) who did not have symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Overall, 529 (18.8%) persons had >1 symptom of COVID-19, of whom 60 (11.3%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Eight asymptomatic persons (0.4%) also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Our findings indicate that screening on the basis of COVID-19 symptoms, regardless of clinical suspicion, can identify most SARS-CoV-2-positive persons in a low-prevalence setting.


Assuntos
Teste para COVID-19/estatística & dados numéricos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina/estatística & dados numéricos , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Precauções Universais/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Teste para COVID-19/métodos , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , SARS-CoV-2 , Suíça/epidemiologia , Precauções Universais/métodos
7.
J Epidemiol Glob Health ; 11(1): 60-68, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32959614

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health emergency. Health Care Workers (HCWs) with sound knowledge and practices can help curb the pandemic. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of HCWs about COVID-19 and compare physicians and non-physicians in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: An online survey was conducted among HCWs in Saudi Arabia in March and April 2020. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire having four sections including; socio-demographic and professional profile, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding COVID-19. Questionnaire link was sent through social media. Descriptive analysis was used for assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice and Chi-square test was used for comparing physicians and non-physicians. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. RESULTS: A total of 398 HCWs completed the questionnaire. Only 45% of the participants had correct knowledge about the agent while about 97% knew that close contact with infected person is the most important risk factor. Only 63% had correct knowledge about the role of antibiotics in COVID-19 treatment. Majority of the HCWs were worried and most frequently reported worry was risk to family. Carrying infection to home was most commonly reported fear, 92%. Cleaning hands often or always was 11.5% and 87% respectively. About 71% wore mask during work. Knowledge was better among physicians compared to non-physicians while attitude and practices were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSION: We found that there was poor knowledge about causative agent and role of antibiotics for COVID-19 but for mode of transmission and prevention there was good knowledge. There were widely prevalent worries and fears among the participants. Overall, there were good infection control practices among the HCWs. Interventions are needed to improve knowledge and address worries and fears of HCW.


Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Pessoal de Saúde , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Médicos , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidade , Precauções Universais/métodos , Adulto , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/transmissão , Estudos Transversais , Demografia , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Determinação de Necessidades de Cuidados de Saúde , Médicos/psicologia , Médicos/normas , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Fatores Sociológicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
Rev. esp. med. nucl. imagen mol. (Ed. impr.) ; 39(6): 375-379, nov.-dic. 2020. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-194659

RESUMO

En esta publicación se presentan criterios y fundamentos para la organización del trabajo en la práctica segura de la Radiofarmacia Hospitalaria, a fin de minimizar el riesgo de transmisión viral durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en una instalación de referencia de la Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica de Argentina, mientras se continúan desempeñando servicios esenciales para el sistema de salud. Con este fin se consultaron como referencia documentos de la Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, OIEA, la OMS y otras publicaciones científicas. Estas recomendaciones se encuentran en proceso de revisión constante y son actualizadas de manera permanente. En este marco se propone el presente modelo de organización laboral para esta actividad esencial incluyendo recomendaciones generales, particulares y su fundamento epidemiológico e inmunológico


This publication presents criteria and bases for the work organization in the safe practice of Hospital Radiopharmacy, in order to minimize the risk of viral transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic, in a reference facility of the National Energy Commission Atomic of Argentina, while continuing to perform essential services for the health system. For this purpose, documents from the National Energy Commission Atomic, IAEA, WHO and other scientific publications were consulted as reference. These recommendations are under constant review and are permanently updated. Within this framework, the present model of work organization for this essential activity is proposed, including general and specific recommendations and its epidemiological and immunological basis


Assuntos
Humanos , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/provisão & distribuição , Assistência Farmacêutica/organização & administração , Fatores de Risco , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Argentina/epidemiologia , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Precauções Universais/métodos , Boas Práticas de Dispensação
9.
Rev. andal. med. deporte ; 13(4): 257-260, dic. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-195074

RESUMO

La actual situación de pandemia producida por el SARS-CoV-2, obliga a los laboratorios de fisiología del ejercicio a tomar una serie de medidas adicionales para la realización segura de las pruebas de esfuerzo, tanto diagnósticas como de rendimiento. El objetivo del presente trabajo es exponer las medidas a adoptar, para la prevención del contagio por el SARS-CoV-2, durante la realización de pruebas de esfuerzo a deportistas, propuestas por los profesionales del Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte, basadas en la evidencia científica disponible, y que están orientadas hacia su aplicación en el propio laboratorio, a los atletas y a todos los profesionales que participan en su evaluación


The current pandemic situation, produced by SARS-CoV-2, forces exercise physiology laboratories to take a series of additional measures for the safe performance of stress tests, both diagnostic and performance. The objective of this report is to present preventive measures to be taken to avoid contagion by SARS-CoV-2 during exercise tests on athletes, proposed by the professionals of the Andalusian Center for Sports Medicine, based on scientific evidence available, and oriented towards its application in the laboratory itself, to athletes and to all professionals who participate in its evaluation


A atual situação de pandemia produzida pelo SARS-CoV-2 obriga os laboratórios de fisiologia do exercício a tomar uma série de medidas adicionais para a realização segura dos testes de esforço, tanto de diagnóstico quanto de desempenho. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as medidas a serem adotadas para a prevenção do contágio pelo SARS-CoV-2 durante testes de exercício em atletas, propostas pelos profissionais do Centro Andaluz de Medicina do Esporte, com base em evidências científicas disponíveis, e que são orientados para a sua aplicação no próprio laboratório, aos atletas e a todos os profissionais que participam na sua avaliação


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Gasometria/métodos , Atletas/estatística & dados numéricos , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/organização & administração , Pandemias , Quarentena , Distância Psicológica , Esportes/fisiologia , Precauções Universais/métodos
10.
Rev. senol. patol. mamar. (Ed. impr.) ; 33(4): 130-136, oct.-dic. 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192959

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Describir las medidas adoptadas dentro del plan de contingencia del COVID-19 respecto a la biopsia selectiva de ganglio centinela (BSGC) y analizar su impacto sobre la actividad asistencial. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo de BSGC realizadas durante el período del 14/03 al 11/05 de 2020. Análisis de las medidas tomadas para minimizar las probabilidades de contagio y resultados de PCR de pacientes y personal. Comparativa de casos con los realizados en el mismo período de 2019. Actividad diaria de linfogammagrafía y de cirugía radioguiada (CRG) por indicación médica. Cálculo numérico y porcentual de CRG por hospital y recursos humanos diarios de medicina nuclear requeridos. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 42 intervenciones con BSGC, un 31,1% menos que en 2019. La indicación médica de cáncer de mama experimentó el mayor descenso de actividad (n=18, 41,9%). Del total de CRG, Hospital Clínic realizó el 45,2%, Hospital Maternitat el 31,0%, Hospital Plató el 16,7% y Hospital Sant Joan de Déu el 7,1% restante. En relación con los recursos humanos, la planificación inicial se cumplió en un 77% de los días. El total de los controles PCR a pacientes (n=42) y personal de CRG (n=9) dio resultado negativo. CONCLUSIONES: El COVID-19 influyó negativamente en la actividad asistencial de la BSGC del Hospital Clínic, pero fue compensado por una planificación acertada, basada en el análisis previo de los procesos del procedimiento, que permitió adaptar los recursos de material y personal a las circunstancias cambiantes, otorgándole una flexibilidad que posibilitó el cumplimiento de la programación establecida


OBJECTIVE: To describe the measures taken within the COVID-19 contingency plan concerning sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) procedures and to assess their impact on healthcare activity. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative, descriptive and retrospective study of SNB procedures conducted during the lockdown period of COVID-19 (14/03 to 11/05 2020). Analysis of measures taken to minimise the chances of contagion and PCR outcomes of patients and staff. Comparison with SNB procedures conducted in the same time interval in 2019. Daily activity of lymphoscintigraphy and radioguided surgery (RGS) by medical indication. Numerical and percentage calculation of RGS by hospital and daily requirements for human resources in nuclear medicine. RESULTS: Forty-two SNB were performed, representing 31.1% less than those conducted in the same period in 2019. The medical indication of breast cancer showed the greatest activity decrease (n=18, 41.9%). RGS was performed in 45.2% of patients in Hospital Clínic, 31.0% in Maternitat, 16.7% in Plató and 7.1% in Sant Joan de Déu Hospital. Concerning the human resources required, the initial planning was accomplished in 77% of the days (24/31). All the PCR samples from patients (n=42) and RGS staff (n=9) were negative for COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 negatively influenced the healthcare activity of SNB in Hospital Clínic, but was compensated by adequate planning, based on prior analysis of the procedure's processes, which allowed adaptation of material and personnel resources to the changing circumstances. This allowed flexibility, which in turn enabled compliance with the established schedule


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/estatística & dados numéricos , Linfocintigrafia/estatística & dados numéricos , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/prevenção & controle , Precauções Universais/métodos , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Serviço Hospitalar de Medicina Nuclear/estatística & dados numéricos , Gestão da Segurança/métodos
11.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 67(9): 487-495, nov. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-194385

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La pandemia actual de SARS-CoV-2 ha supuesto la mayor crisis sociosanitaria mundial experimentada en el último siglo. Cada centro asistencial se ha visto impelido a adecuar las guías de tratamiento establecidas por las distintas sociedades científicas. OBJETIVOS: Analizar el impacto de la metodología basada en la simulación como herramienta de mejora de nuestra práctica clínica: dinámica de trabajo, efectividad y seguridad de todos los facultativos implicados en el manejo del parto en gestantes COVID y su utilidad para facilitar la adecuación de los protocolos a un contexto clínico específico. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional descriptivo que incluye las cesáreas y partos de gestante COVID realizados en nuestro hospital. Se analizaron de manera multidisciplinar las actuaciones ejecutadas utilizando las herramientas de la simulación briefing y debriefing, antes y después de cada caso. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron un total de 5 casos clínicos. Se encontraron dificultades en la ejecución de los protocolos establecidos para la atención de la gestante COVID a nivel organizativo, estructural, de recursos materiales y de factores humanos. CONCLUSIONES: Este modelo de análisis ha resultado una herramienta de gran valor en tres aspectos: la mejora del trabajo en equipo, la realización de protocolos de actuación consensuados y el establecimiento de propuestas efectivas para la adecuación de los protocolos


INTRODUCTION: The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been the world's largest socio-health crisis experienced in the last century. Each healthcare center has been compelled to adapt the treatment guidelines established by the different scientific societies. OBJECTIVES: Analyze the impact of the methodology based on simulation as a tool to improve our clinical practice: work dynamics, effectiveness and safety of all the physicians involved in the management of labor in COVID pregnant women and its usefulness to facilitate the adaptation of protocols to a specific clinical context. METHOD: Descriptive observational study that includes the C-sections and deliveries of COVID pregnant women performed in our hospital. The actions carried out in each procedure were analyzed using the simulation multidisciplinary briefing and debriefing tools, before and after each case. RESULTS: A total of 5 clinical cases were analyzed. Difficulties were found in the execution of the protocols established for the care of the COVID pregnant. Organizational, structural, material resources and human factors obstacles were the most common. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the analysis example using simulation methodology was a tool of great value in three aspects: teamwork improvement, actions consent and improvement proposals for the adaptation and implementation of protocols


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Pandemias , Parto Obstétrico/normas , Cesárea/normas , Exercício de Simulação , Precauções Universais/métodos , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
15.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 67(8): 438-445, oct. 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193564

RESUMO

La infección por COVID-19 afecta también a las pacientes obstétricas. La atención obstétrica habitual ha continuado a pesar de la pandemia. Existen series de casos de pacientes obstétricas. Parece que las técnicas neuroaxiales son seguras y es importante asegurarse que los bloqueos funcionen correctamente antes de una cesárea. Es por esto que se recomienda que los bloqueos sean realizados por anestesiólogos expertos. La protección y seguridad de los profesionales es un punto fundamental y, en caso de anestesia general, también se recomienda acudir al anestesiólogo más experto. Las pacientes gravemente enfermas deben reconocerse rápida y precozmente, para poder suministrarles el tratamiento adecuado lo antes posible. La susceptibilidad a las trombosis hace que la anticoagulación profiláctica sea prioritaria


COVID-19 infection also affects obstetric patients. Regular obstetric care has continued despite the pandemic. Case series of obstetric patients have been published. Neuroaxial techniques appear to be safe and it is important to obtain the highest possible rate of success of the blocks before a cesarean section. For this reason, it is recommended that the blocks be carried out by senior anesthesiologists. The protection and safety of professionals is a key point and in case of general anesthesia, so it is also recommended to call to the most expert anesthesiologist. Seriously ill patients should be recognized quickly and early, in order to provide them with the appropriate treatment as soon as possible. Susceptibility to thrombosis makes prophylactic anticoagulation a priority


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/epidemiologia , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Anestesia Obstétrica/métodos , Cesárea/métodos , Gestantes , Pandemias , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/epidemiologia , Precauções Universais/métodos
17.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 67(8): 417-424, oct. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192477

RESUMO

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: Durante la pandemia de COVID-19 se produce una reducción del material para la protección de los profesionales. La impresión 3D ofrece la posibilidad de compensar la escasez de algunos de los suministros. El objetivo es describir el papel de la impresión 3D en un servicio de salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19, con énfasis en proceso para desarrollar un producto final listo para ser implementado en el entorno clínico. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se formó un grupo de trabajo entre la administración sanitaria, clínicos y otras instituciones público-privadas de Cantabria coordinado en el Hospital virtual Valdecilla. El proceso incluyó la recepción de las propuestas de impresión, el conocimiento de los recursos de impresión en la región, la selección de los dispositivos, la creación de un equipo para cada proyecto, diseño de prototipos, evaluación y rediseño, fabricación montaje y distribución. RESULTADOS: Se producen 1) dispositivos que ayudan a prevenir el contagio de los profesionales: pantallas de protección facial (2.400 unidades), accesorios personalizados para fotóforos (20 unidades) y horquillas salvaorejas para mascarillas (1.200 unidades); 2) productos relacionados con la ventilación de pacientes infectados: conectores de sistemas de ventilación no invasiva entre tubuladura y mascarilla; y 3) hisopos oro y nasofaríngeos (7.500 unidades) para la identificación de portadoras del coronavirus con el objetivo de diseñar protocolos de actuación en las área clínicas. CONCLUSIONES: La impresión 3D es un recurso válido para la producción de material de protección de los profesionales cuyo suministro está reducido durante una pandemia


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is a shortage of supplies for the protection of professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. 3D printing offers the possibility to compensate for the production of some of the equipment needed. The objective is to describe the role of 3D printing in a health service during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an emphasis on the process to develop a final product ready to be implemented in the clinical environment. METHODS: A working group was formed between the healthcare administration, clinicians and other public and private institutions in Cantabria, Spain coordinated by the Valdecilla Virtual Hospital. The process included receiving the printing proposals, learning about the printing resources in the region, selecting the devices, creating a team for each project, prototyping, evaluation and redesign, manufacturing, assembly and distribution. RESULTS: The following supplies are produced: 1) devices that help protect providers: face protection screens (2,400 units), personalized accessories for photophores (20 units) and ear-protection forks for face-masks (1,200 units); 2) products related to the ventilation of infected patients: connectors for non-invasive ventilation systems; and 3) oral and nasopharyngeal swabs (7,500 units) for the identification of coronavirus carriers with the aim of designing action protocols in clinical areas. CONCLUSIONS: 3D printing is a valid resource for the production of protective material for professionals whose supply is reduced during a pandemic


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Dispositivos de Proteção Respiratória/provisão & distribuição , Impressão Tridimensional , Máscaras/provisão & distribuição , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Precauções Universais/métodos , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Proteção Pessoal
19.
JBJS Case Connect ; 10(3): e20.00288, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32910604

RESUMO

CASE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic respiratory disease. Patients typically present with fever, cough, and radiological lung changes. However, a significant proportion of these patients are asymptomatic. To date, we have limited information on the operations performed on these patients. We report our experience of a relatively asymptomatic elderly patient who underwent surgery for a hip fracture and was confirmed postoperatively to have COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Meticulous hand hygiene and use of surgical mask in daily practice is crucial to protect against asymptomatic and undiagnosed patients.


Assuntos
Doenças Assintomáticas , Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Coronavirus , Diagnóstico Tardio/prevenção & controle , Fraturas do Colo Femoral/diagnóstico , Hemiartroplastia/métodos , Controle de Infecções , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Controle de Infecções/normas , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/fisiopatologia , Período Pós-Operatório , SARS-CoV-2 , Resultado do Tratamento , Precauções Universais/métodos
20.
Transl Behav Med ; 10(4): 843-849, 2020 10 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32893867

RESUMO

Despite early warnings and calls for action, COVID-19 infection rates continue to climb in many areas of the United States. The current study examined participants' reported likelihood of engaging in eight behaviors designated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as critical for the prevention of COVID-19 at the outset of the epidemic. Self-efficacy, perceived threat, and internal and external health locus of control were explored as potential predictors of those behaviors. In addition, demographic and contextual factors, such as age, gender, political identity, and whether or not participants were currently living under a quarantine advisory, were recorded for analysis. Overall, participants reported high engagement with the prevention behaviors. Higher levels of self-efficacy, perceived severity of the illness, and external locus of control in regard to medical professionals were all positively associated with plans to take the recommended precautions. Based on the results, it appears that messaging regarding COVID-19 prevention may be particularly effective when it focuses on the high risk of the illness, the ease with which the prevention behaviors can be taken, and a reassurance that the medical establishment has individuals' best health in mind when it makes its specific recommendations. While numerous countries have succeeded in reducing the spread of COVID-19, the number of new cases in the United States remains high, even relative to other populations also heavily impacted by the disease [1]. Although it would be difficult to pinpoint a single cause or explanation for the epidemic's course in the USA, at the heart of its spread, like the spread of all infectious diseases, is noncompliance with preventative measures. The current research served as a preliminary exploration of the prevalence and predictors of eight COVID-19 prevention behaviors. A brief survey was sent out at the end of March 2020 to 350 U.S. residents in order to assess the likelihood of their engaging in various prevention behaviors recommended at that time and several related psychosocial factors. The psychological factors assessed included health locus of control (HLOC) beliefs, self-efficacy, and perceived threat. In addition, a handful of demographic and contextual factors, such as age, gender, political identity, and whether or not they were working outside the home or were currently living under a quarantine advisory, were recorded for examination.


Assuntos
Comportamento Cooperativo , Infecções por Coronavirus , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Autoeficácia , Isolamento Social/psicologia , Percepção Social , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Intenção , Masculino , Máscaras , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/psicologia , Prevalência , Psicologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Controle Social Formal/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Precauções Universais/métodos , Precauções Universais/estatística & dados numéricos
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...